World-class environmental research platforms for a sustainable society

SAEON

South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) is a long-term environmental observation and research facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF). SAEON’s three focus areas are environmental observation, data management and education outreach. The Department of Science and Innovation provides core funding for these activities. 

SAEON has a distributed network of seven nodes, three research infrastructures and a national office. The research network covers the major terrestrial and marine ecosystems in South  Africa and supports well over 100 researchers and students a year.

Reflecting on 21 years of NRF-SAEON

Latest Seminar

Title: Megacarcasses – a unique disturbance type adding to the spatial complexity of semi-arid rangelands

Presenter: Dr. Helga Knoetze (EFTEON)

There has been considerable research on the effects of living elephants on African ecosystem structure, function, and processes. Yet few studies have investigated the effects of elephant megacarcasses on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of terrestrial ecosystems. Similar to the megacarcasses of whales that create communities of productivity, and functioning in the deep ocean, the nutrient pulses from decomposing elephant carcasses as a natural disturbance may play a similar role in African savannas where they are a localised source of nutrient enrichment that likely impacts local biogeochemistry and the community dynamics of vegetation, vertebrates, invertebrates, and microbes. Our ongoing research in the Kruger National Park (KNP) has shown that elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in savanna soil and plants. These carcass derived nutrients have been shown to create distinct plant communities. Here, we compare plant communities of ten elephant megacarcass sites (< 2.5 m from centre) with those of the surrounding matrix (> 10 m). We found that plant communities at megacarcasses were significantly floristically distinct from the matrix, with this variation being driven primarily by grasses. Additionally, all grass species occurring at carcass sites were palatable. Surprisingly, 71 % of species found at matrix sites were also palatable, suggesting that these carcass sites become zones of fertility, hosting high-quality forage. Nevertheless, the nutritional value of grasses at carcass and matrix sites also differed, with the former being higher in macro- (e.g. N, K) and microminerals (e.g. Cu, Na, Mg) important for grazers. Although 40 % of forb and grass species at carcass sites were prostrate, making them less susceptible to herbivory by ungulates, graze frequency, and intensity here was still higher than in the matrix, which was associated with tufted graminoids. Megacarcasses represent a unique disturbance type which adds to the spatial complexity of semi-arid rangelands by creating hotspots with distinct floristics, and increased forage potential. This study contributes to a growing recognition that megacarcasses have significant effects on terrestrial ecosystems, however, native large mammal herbivore populations have been altered globally, with particularly the large-bodied species, such as elephants, becoming widely extinct, and anthropogenic pressures, such as the widespread establishment of livestock farming devastating the remaining populations. There has been little to no research on the effects of the absence of dead elephants. Our research begins to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the implications of the lack of elephant carcasses (or other large carcasses) on processes such as nutrient cycling, hotspot formation, and grazing quality, which are critical for rangeland functioning and productivity.

Latest Training Workshop

GIS for Educators and Learners: free online learning programme aligned to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements.

Presenters: Kogie Govender, Caitlin Ransom, Keneilwe Hlahane, and Rion Lerm

Our Research Nodes

SAEON encompasses seven Research Nodes throughout South Africa and a National Office that is located in the country’s political capital of Pretoria. 

Research Infrastructures​

SAEON manages three research infrastructures developed by the Department of Science and Innovation as part of the South African Research Infrastructure Roadmap (SARIR).

EFTEON aims to provide and operate a network of instrumented landscape-level platforms for the South African environmental research community, focused on socially relevant terrestrial landscapes and their coupled hydrological systems. 

The SMCRI provides an array of instruments and physical research platforms around the coast of South Africa and its sub-antarctic islands to collect long-term reliable data for scientific research to help decision makers formulate appropriate environmental policies to lessen the risk and vulnerability of the coastal zone to climate and global change.

The SAPRI is designed as a consortium hosted at the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON). The ultimate objective of SAPRI is to enable balanced research growth across the polar disciplines, and to maintain and further expand the world-class long-term observational datasets already established.

SAEON facilitates and conducts research through platforms and these have grown into a diverse array of sites, instruments, infrastructure, datasets, models and staff, widely distributed across both marine and terrestrial environments.